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International Capsules: 2018 bid cities to make pitches to IOC members

LAUSANNE, Switzerland (AP) — With the global campaign in its final weeks, the three cities vying for the 2018 Winter Olympics get the chance Wednesday to make their case directly to the IOC voters.

Bid leaders from Pyeongchang, South Korea; Munich; and Annecy, France, will be hoping to pick up the same kind of boost that sent Rio de Janeiro to victory in the race for the 2016 Summer Games.

More than 80 International Olympic Committee members are expected to attend the closed-door presentations and question-and-answer sessions at the Olympic Museum. On Thursday, the members can visit the bid cities’ exhibition rooms at a Lausanne hotel.

The briefing comes less than two months before the IOC selects the 2018 host city by secret ballot at its session in Durban, South Africa, on July 6.

The Lausanne meeting will feature two figure skating greats — two-time gold medalist Katarina Witt, who chairs the Munich bid, and Kim Yu-na, the reigning Olympic champion who will be part of Pyeongchang’s presentation.

Munich’s bid received a big boost Tuesday before the presentations when organizers secured the last piece of property needed for the downhill course.

"Seven years before possibly staging the games we have an optimal offer for the IOC," said Bernhard Schwank, the chief executive of the Munich bid.

It’s the second time the IOC has arranged a special meeting with bid cities before a vote, and the first for Winter Games candidates.

The presentations in 2009 proved to be pivotal in the 2016 race, with Rio gaining a groundswell of support that culminated in victory several months later over Madrid, Tokyo and Chicago.

The dynamics are different this time, with just three candidates in the race and many IOC members coming from countries without a winter sports tradition.

Pyeongchang, bidding for a third consecutive time after narrow defeats in the voting for the 2010 and 2014 Games, has been widely considered the front-runner as it seeks to bring the Winter Games to a new territory in Asia.

Munich, the 1972 Olympic host which is seeking to become the first city to stage both summer and winter games, has been seen as the main challenger, while Annecy appeared to be lagging behind. The French bid may have the most to gain from this week’s meetings.

"It’s a much closer race that people believed that it would be because the Annecy bid has improved dramatically to make it a contender," British IOC member Craig Reedie told The Associated Press.

San Andreas Missions | Latest Games | Finding Computer Game Cheats

Anyone who lies can be called a cheater or a cheat. In school, when you “cheat” it is understood that you have copied others’ answers or from a source, say a book, during an exam. Between you and your lover, it could mean having an affair with another or simply lying. In sports, it means getting ahead of your opponent in a manner that violates the rules of the game.

But cheating in computer games is not necessarily equal to lying or taking unfair advantages over your opponent. It constitutes a wide spectrum of activities, which in general is aimed at altering the game experience so as to lead in the game. Cheating differs in every computer game and is dependent on what the players have agreed upon as an unfair advantage.

Most computer games have the so-called “cheat codes,” which are used to make the game easier. But these cheat codes are designed for single players, especially those new to the game. Using these codes could also mean cheating, but it cannot be said that you are using them to gain unfair advantage.

Unjust computer game cheat is most prevalent in multiplayer and mass multiplayer computer games played through the Internet. In these types of computer games, players may remain anonymous and so they can boldly cheat, without fear of being known to his opponents.

There are different types of computer game cheats. These are by changing the user settings, by using bugs, exploits and external software and by cheesing.

When you alter the settings of your computer, the layout of the computer hardwares or the game itself so that it would suit your gaming style or your computer system, you are in a way cheating. But this can be acceptable. However, going as far as modifying the color and brightness of your computer in order to see through shadowy areas could be questionable.

Exploits are features of a game unintentionally or erroneously made by the developers. When particularly used to gain unfair advantage over your opponent, they can be regarded as computer game cheats. However, sometimes these exploits make the game more fun and exciting.

The use of external softwares specially designed to let the player lead the game unjustly by modifying the program that runs the computer game, is considered as a grave way of cheating. Some of these computer game cheats analyze the status of the game in the computer’s RAM.

Other players “cheese” to lead in the game. This is done when virtual players do things that are not allowed or are unlikely in real life. Although this may not be a very grave kind of computer game cheat, most players disapprove cheesing in a game.

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